翻译漫谈(十三)汉译英:基本功
来源:作者:本站
英语动词的形式变化多端。有时动词和名词的形式是一样的。如gain既可是动词,也可是名词。lose就比较复杂。动词是lose,其过去时和过去分词是lost,名词是loss, 形容词是loose。用哪种形式,全看它在句中起什么作用。例17,和前面的动词gains并列,就应该用动词loses, 而不该用名词losses。例18,在the possibilities of后面该用动名词winning or losing。例19,在after后面也该用动名词fulfilling。例20,后半句用了被动语态,但过去分词bounded是不对的。此处动词原形是bind,其过去分词应是bound,因此这里用is bound to...就对了。
三.介词、连词与句子结构
21. When such a physical limit is reached, the food consumption and nutrition intake of the people would generally not increase despite of further rise in income.
22. There was already a lot of discussions about the crisis in the economic as well as technical levels.
23. On a certain degree, it is the goal but not the reality.
24. The property assessment in the enterprise must be assessed by professional staffs and institutions that passed examination of the state.
25. Having summed up the preliminary experience of reform in the cities and rural areas, the principle of…
26. We should, from a long-term point of view, make efforts in developing the rural economy to reduce rural-urban disparity, therefore, labor migration from urban to rural areas, driven by benefit, will appear.
27. The financial reform in China has made great progress, however, the whole financial market is still under restraint.
28. But the question is, health is everybody’s basic right, what is the reason to legally enforce some people to donate their blood just for other people’s health?
29. Government is no longer responsible for gain and loss in state enterprises since the reform, soft budget restriction in the enterprise changes more or less, the financial pressure for the enterprise aggravates.
30. The reform of state owned enterprise was set as a key part of overall economic reform at the beginning of 80’s, since then the governments at central and local levels, entrepreneurs and economists have denoted much attentions and exerted many efforts to the reform, but one has to admit that comparing to the reforms in all the other fields in country, until now the reform of state enterprise is in the state of lowest point of “efficiency of input-output ”, from all views, the achievements we have made can not match the huge efforts (personnel resources, materials, finances and energies) we have exerted.
介词是英语里最灵活的一个词类,它能引出介词短语在句中发挥各种作用,它能跟动词连用,把不及物动词变成及物动词,引出宾语。总之,介词在英语里广泛使用,在汉语里许多用动词表达的意思,在英语里可以用介词来表达。然而介词又是英语里一个很机械的词类,它有许多固定的说法,稍一改变,不是不合用法,就是产出了别的意思。这就使我们感到很困难,必须用心体会,牢牢记住。
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